The Untold History of the United States - Oliver Stone

The Untold History of the United States (also known as Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States) is a 2012 documentary series directed, produced, and narrated by Oliver Stone.

Summary

Directed by Oliver Stone, a new look at the birth of the American Empire, coming out of WW2, focusing in the first of 10 episodes, on FDR and Stalin. We discover unsung heroes, such as American Henry Wallace, and the demonization of the Soviets.

Episodes

Prequels 

• Episode A: 1900-1920 - World War I, The Russian Revolution & Woodrow Wilson

• Episode B: 1920-1940 - Roosevelt, Hitler, Stalin: The Battle of Ideas

Season 1

From Academy Award-winning writer/director Oliver Stone, this ten-part documentary series looks back at human events that at the time went under reported, but that crucially shaped America's unique and complex history over the 20th century.

• Chapter 1: World War II

   

Narrated by Oliver Stone, this new one-hour series features human events that at the time went under reported. The first chapter explores the birth of the American Empire by focusing on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin.

• Chapter 2: Roosevelt, Truman & Wallace

Highlights from the historical upset of Harry Truman replacing Henry Wallace as Roosevelt's Vice President during his fourth term - this dramatic shift in leadership propelled the US towards empire building. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

• Chapter 3: The Bomb

The strategies behind the U.S. atomic bombings of Japan are explored as well as the new mythology that emerged from the war. The bombing haunted the Soviets and mistrust towards the Allies grew quickly. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

• Chapter 4: The Cold War: 1945-1950

The equation changes--specific month-by-month causes of the Cold War. Highlights: Churchill's Iron Curtain speech, the civil war in Greece and the Red Scare that prompts the rise of Joseph McCarthy, the House Un-American Activities Committee and the FBI.

• Chapter 5: The '50s: Eisenhower, the Bomb & The Third World

Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles replace Truman. Stalin dies but relations with the Soviet Union turn colder. The H-bomb and the doctrine of nuclear annihilation are explored, as are the Korean War and U.S. rearmament.

• Chapter 6: JFK: To the Brink

JFK and the Bay of Pigs; on the brink of total war during Cuban Missile Crisis; early Vietnam; JFK's attempts at peace with Khrushchev; JFK assassinated. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

• Chapter 7: Johnson, Nixon & Vietnam: Reversal of Fortune

Cataclysm in Vietnam as the war reaches a turning point - there's no going back. The betrayal by Richard Nixon. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

• Chapter 8: Reagan, Gorbachev & Third World: Rise of the Right

Carter's dreams of change give way to Ronald Reagan's secret wars in Afghanistan and Central America. Gorbachev emerges. Fresh opportunities for peace arise. The debate over Reagan's legacy. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

• Chapter 9: Bush & Clinton: American Triumphalism – New World Order

Russia introduced to American Capitalism. U.S. goes to war in Middle East. New World Order shaped. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

• Chapter 10: Bush & Obama: Age of Terror

Homeland Security, in Iraq, Afghanistan, and a worldwide global Security State. The cannibalization of the U.S. economy continues. Obama and the destiny of the American Empire. Directed and narrated by Oliver Stone.

Production and release

Oliver Stone and American University historian Peter J. Kuznick began working on the project in 2008. Stone, Kuznick and British screenwriter Matt Graham co-wrote the script. The documentary miniseries for Showtime had a working title Oliver Stone's Secret History of America. It covers "the reasons behind the Cold War with the Soviet Union, U.S. President Harry Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, and changes in America's global role since the fall of Communism." Stone is the director and narrator of all ten episodes. The series is a reexamination of some of the under-reported and darkest parts of American modern history, using little-known documents and newly uncovered archival material. The series looks beyond official versions of events to the deeper causes and implications and explores how events from the past still have resonant themes for the present day. Stone said, "From the outset I've looked at this project as a legacy to my children and a way to understand the times I've lived through. I hope it can contribute to a more global insight into our American history."

The first three episodes of the series premiered at the New York Film Festival on October 6, 2012, with Indiewire describing them as "extremely compelling" and "daring." The series was personally presented by Stone at the Subversive Festival on May 4, 2013, in Zagreb, Croatia, which next to film screenings also included debates and public lectures by prominent intellectuals such as Slavoj Žižek and Tariq Ali.

Stone described the project as "the most ambitious thing I've ever done. Certainly in documentary form, and perhaps in fiction, feature form." Production took four years to complete. Stone confessed, "It was supposed to take two years, but it's way over schedule". The premiere was finally set for November 12, 2012. Stone spent $1 million of his own money on the film as the budget inflated from $3 million to $5 million.

The series premiered on Showtime in November 2012. The executive producers were Oliver Stone, Tara Tremaine and Rob Wilson. A book by the same name was also published.

On October 15, 2013, Oliver Stone announced that Untold History of the United States would be released on Blu-ray. All ten episodes of the show would be featured on four discs, and the Blu-ray release would also include various bonus content, as well as two prologue episodes. The first prologue episode would deal with World War I, the Russian Revolution and Woodrow Wilson. The second prologue episode would highlight the pre-World War II era of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin. On March 4, 2014, Stone announced via his own website that the series was officially available on DVD. The series is currently available for streaming on Netflix.

Companion book

The ten-part series is supplemented by a 750-page companion book, The Untold History of the United States, also written by Stone and Kuznick, released on Oct 30, 2012 by Simon & Schuster.

Kuznick objected to the working title "Secret History", claiming that "the truth is that many of our 'secrets' have been hidden on the front page of the New York Times. If people think the secrets will be deep, dark conspiracies, they'll be disappointed. We'll be drawing on the best recent scholarship". It was subsequently re-titled The Untold History of the United States. Style and format

The series has been said to be reminiscent of the famed British Thames Television series The World at War (1973–74). With the exception of an on-camera introduction and conclusion by Oliver Stone, the series contains no interview subjects. Instead, each episode consists of archival material: stock film, photographs, video and audio recordings, computer generated maps and diagrams, clips from fictional movies, and Stone's voice-over narration. Historical quotations and writings from various figures are read by voice actors.

List of movies and TV shows used

Oliver Stone used clips from about 60 fictional movies and TV shows over the course of The Untold History of the United States. He used them as a vehicle for telling stories of specific topics during given episodes.

Films

Here is a list of some of the movies Stone used, along with the year each film was originally released.

The Birth of a Nation (1915) Black Legion (1937) Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) The Roaring Twenties (1939) The Wizard of Oz (1939) Citizen Kane (1941) Meet John Doe (1941) Kings Row (1942) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943) Keeper of the Flame (1943) The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) Sands of Iwo Jima (1949) Twelve O'Clock High (1949) I Was a Communist for the FBI (1951) The War of the Worlds (1953) Godzilla (1954) Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1956)

Psycho (1960) The Manchurian Candidate (1962) 55 Days at Peking (1963) Dr. Strangelove (1964) Seven Days in May (1964) The Battle of Algiers (1966) Z (1969) Patton (1970) Star Wars (1977) The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977) Apocalypse Now (1979) Heaven's Gate (1980) Return of the Jedi (1983) The Day After (1983) Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) Salvador (1986) Heartbreak Ridge (1986) Wall Street (1987) Rambo III (1988)

Truman (1995) Saving Private Ryan (1998) Gladiator (2000) Thirteen Days (2000) Ali (2001) Black Hawk Down (2001) Pearl Harbor (2001) Syriana (2005) Borat (2006) The Good Shepherd (2006) Charlie Wilson's War (2007) Act of Valor (2012) Safe House (2012) Seal Team Six: The Raid on Osama Bin Laden (2012) Zero Dark Thirty (2012)

Television

At one point or another, Stone also used clips from the following TV shows:

• 24
• Father Knows Best
• Homeland
• Saturday Night Live
• Survivor
• The Twilight Zone

Reaction

In 2012, The Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald highly recommended the series and book, describing it as "riveting", "provocative" and "worthwhile".

Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev wrote approvingly of the book:

Oliver Stone and Peter Kuznick provide a critical overview of US foreign policy during the past few decades. There is much here to reflect upon. Such a perspective is indispensable at a time when decisions are being taken that will shape America's role in the global world of the twenty-first century. At stake is whether the United States will choose to be the policeman of a "Pax Americana", which is a recipe for disaster, or partner with other nations on the way to a safer, more just and sustainable future.

David Wiegand wrote for the San Francisco Chronicle: "The films are at their best when they provide a panoramic view of our history in the middle part of the 20th century. Ably abetted by the superb editing work by Alex Marquez". Verne Gay for Newsday similarly praised the craft: "By far the most interesting part of 'Untold' is the visual presentation. Stone has cobbled together a mother lode of chestnuts, including grainy newsreel footage and Soviet propaganda films. It's all weirdly engrossing" but found the content less than provocative: "You keep waiting for a fresh insight, a new twist, a bizarre fact and after a while would even be profoundly grateful for some wacky Stone revisionism. It never comes. What's 'untold' here?"

Stone defended the program's accuracy to TV host Tavis Smiley:

This has been fact checked by corporate fact checkers, by our own fact checkers, and fact checkers [hired] by Showtime. It's been thoroughly vetted...these are facts, our interpretation may be different than orthodox, but it definitely holds up.

In November 2012, Hudson Institute adjunct fellow historian Ronald Radosh (who was averse to the project since its announcement and encouraged a write-in campaign to cancel the series) lambasted it as "mendacious" Cold War revisionism and "mindless recycling of Stalin's propaganda," claiming similarities to Communist author and NKVD agent Carl Marzani's Soviet-published treatise We Can Be Friends. Writes Radosh:

Over and over, Stone uses the same quotations, the same arrangements of material, and the same arguments as Marzani. This is not to accuse Stone of plagiarism, only to point out that the case he now offers as new was argued in exactly the same terms by an American Communist and Soviet agent in 1952.

Libertarian journalist Michael C. Moynihan criticized the book for "moral equivalence between the policies of the psychotically brutal Soviet Union and the frequently flawed policy of the United States" and called the title "misleading" in that nothing within the book was "untold" previously. Moynihan also claimed factual errors and questionable sources.

In 2013, Princeton University history professor Sean Wilentz also remarked that the book and films "have a misleading title".... "Most if not all of the interpretations that they present...have appeared in revisionist histories of American foreign policy written over the last fifty years". Moreover:

Although the book by Stone and Kuznick is heavily footnoted, the sourcing...recalls nothing so much as Dick Cheney’s cherry-picking of intelligence, particularly about the origins and early years of the cold war. The authors also devote many thousands of words to criticism of such destructive American policies as Ronald Reagan’s in Central America and George W. Bush’s in Iraq, but much of this will be familiar to readers...as will their objections to Barack Obama’s use of predator drones. This book is less a work of history than a skewed political document, restating and updating a view of the world that the independent radical Dwight Macdonald once likened to a fog, “caused by the warm winds of the liberal Gulf Stream coming in contact with the Soviet glacier” — but now more than twenty years after the dissolution of the Soviet empire.

Untold History Education Project

In October 2013, Stone, Kuznick, and Eric Singer launched the Untold History Education Project to expand upon the narratives and events discussed in the Untold History documentary series and book. The project is devoted to fostering critical thinking and debate amongst students and teachers in high schools and universities. With the input of educators and historians, Stone, Kuznick and Singer also designed a curriculum guide for the series and primary source-based lesson plans for each episode.